محمد, أحمد2024-09-202024-09-202009https://dspace.omu.edu.ly/handle/123456789/387Abstract The problem of the study in the agricultural expansion of large tracts of cultivated varieties of wheat and barley, Which led to increased demand for consumption of underground water used in agriculture, as a non-renewable resources and exhaustible and the emergence of significant effects on the lowering of the groundwater, as a result of twitter for a large water used to grow wheat and barley, especially in public projects, due to a number of factors affecting the non-rational use of water, and most importantly: Do not put a value or the cost of water production costs and in the mind of the free economic resources, as well as the low style and production methods, in addition to non-optimal use of these resources in economic terms. Which needs to evaluate the use of agricultural resources used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, particularly the water supply. As well as the comparison between a sample of the overall productivity of agricultural projects and a sample of the private sector farms in terms of efficiency in the use of the element of water. The study used preliminary data that were collected through the questionnaire for the study during the season (from 2007 to 2008). In addition to secondary data issued by the official authorities in Libya. They have been chosen as the Sabha of the most important areas where cultivation of wheat and barley. Farms were divided the sample into six categories the first category includes barley 1 - 39 hectares, barley class II 40 - 100, ha barley whole class 1 - 100 hectares. First class wheat 1 - 39 hectares, the second category of wheat 40 - 100 hectares, the second category of wheat 1 - 100 hectares By estimating the production functions for wheat and barley to study the most important inputs affecting the productivity of barley and wheat, and to identify the efficient use of resources used. A sample of the study. Found that the most important inputs that have affected the productivity per hectare is the amount of phosphate fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of compound fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of seed kg / ha, the number of hours of human labor / ha, the number of hours of work automation /ha , the amount of water used m 3 / ha. Through the study of descriptive analysis and the farmer sample of the study shows that the production of wheat and barley amounted to about (3.022%, 2.095%, 2.335%) for each of the first class of barley and barley class II and class lll as a whole barley, respectively, The percentage of loss on farms of wheat crop (2.64%, 3.83%, 3.60%) for each of the first class of wheat, the second class and the thierd class of whole wheat, respectively. The study also addressed the most important problems facing the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, which lies in the problem (marketing, harvesting and threshing and the problem of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and the problem of irrigation and the problem of weeds and wind and birds). The study included a statistical analysis of functions, costs, and evident from the results of this analysis that the proportion (29%, 50%, 40%) of the barley crop farms for class l, class II and class lll as a whole barley able to achieve optimal productivity, suggesting that these farms working in the production phase II, while the percentage (70%, 50%, 60%) of the crops of barley were unable to achieve optimal productivity, which indicates that these farms operating in the initial production phase. As for the wheat crop has reached the percentage of farms that have achieved optimal productivity and thus operating in the production phase ll for the first class about (45%, 38.10%, 41.46%) to The first class of wheat, and the second class of wheat, the second class, and the thierd class of the whole wheat, respectively, while the percentage of farms that did not able to achieve optimal productivity and work in the first stage of production (55%, 61.9%, 58.54%) of the first class of wheat, the second class of wheat, and the thierd class of whole wheat, respectively. The study included a breakdown of the costs of production per hectare for wheat and barley, which is divided into variable costs and fixed costs. In a sample of the private sector farms average total cost of the total hectares cultivated of barley and wheat around (942.34 dinars ,1066.52 dinars) during the season 2007 / 2008. While the overall average total cost per hectare cultivated barley and wheat in the sample of production projects overall productivity (Brjoj, Aldboat, Airaon) towards (1792.89 JD, JD 2019.17) on the relay during the season 2007 / 2008. While the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley farms in the sample of the private sector before taking the value of the water in the account about (496.99, 546.66) dinars per hectare respectively, as the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley in a sample of production projects overall productivity Before taking the value of the water in mind about (1135.8, 1245.75) dinars for wheat and barley crops, respectively. Efficiency of resource use groundwater for used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample of agricultural production projects, and the overall productivity of a sample of the private sector farms where they put the price per cubic meter of water, where the study used measures of efficiency of expression on the economic evaluation of the element of water and which ones: the measure of net return of the unity of water per hectare as it hit the highest net return for wheat and barley crops in the sample of the private sector farms profitable amounted to about (0.42 JD / m 3 0.61 JD / m 3), respectively, while lower net return per unit of water. Was in a sample of agricultural production projects by (0.05 JD / m 3, 0.21 JD / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of productivity per cubic meter of water, where it became clear that the highest productivity per cubic meter of water in the sample private sectore farms (1.01 kg / m 3, 1.21 kg / m 3) of the barley and wheat, respectively. And less productive per cubic meter of water in the sample of agricultural production projects by (0.55 kg / m 3, 0.44 kg / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of the efficiency of the element of water has reached in the sample of private sector farms (1.27 JD 1.61 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively, while the agricultural production projects in the sample to around (0.78 JD, 1.12 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively The study found a set of recommendations including: follow the water policy based on the principle of exploitation of aquifers security both in terms of economic or technical, through setting a price for water used in agriculture. In addition to focusing on vertical agricultural expansion wheat and barley crops to increase productivity instead of horizontal expansion through soil conservation and the adoption of appropriate agricultural courses and the rationalization of irrigation and proper use of fertilizers, pesticides and improved seeds. The study recommends that attention to measuring the productivity of the element of water used to grow wheat and barley, compared with a productivity of water used to grow other crops, the study area to determine the priorities imposed by the efficiency of water use as well as the economic output of these crops, the study also recommends encouraging cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample private farms because of their relative importance in the higher productivity of the element of water and higher net returns per unit of water, lower costs of production per hectare and low consumption of water per hectare compared with the overall productivity of the sample production projects that did not achieve productive efficiency and economic requirements. Abstract The problem of the study in the agricultural expansion of large tracts of cultivated varieties of wheat and barley, Which led to increased demand for consumption of underground water used in agriculture, as a non-renewable resources and exhaustible and the emergence of significant effects on the lowering of the groundwater, as a result of twitter for a large water used to grow wheat and barley, especially in public projects, due to a number of factors affecting the non-rational use of water, and most importantly: Do not put a value or the cost of water production costs and in the mind of the free economic resources, as well as the low style and production methods, in addition to non-optimal use of these resources in economic terms. Which needs to evaluate the use of agricultural resources used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, particularly the water supply. As well as the comparison between a sample of the overall productivity of agricultural projects and a sample of the private sector farms in terms of efficiency in the use of the element of water. The study used preliminary data that were collected through the questionnaire for the study during the season (from 2007 to 2008). In addition to secondary data issued by the official authorities in Libya. They have been chosen as the Sabha of the most important areas where cultivation of wheat and barley. Farms were divided the sample into six categories the first category includes barley 1 - 39 hectares, barley class II 40 - 100, ha barley whole class 1 - 100 hectares. First class wheat 1 - 39 hectares, the second category of wheat 40 - 100 hectares, the second category of wheat 1 - 100 hectares By estimating the production functions for wheat and barley to study the most important inputs affecting the productivity of barley and wheat, and to identify the efficient use of resources used. A sample of the study. Found that the most important inputs that have affected the productivity per hectare is the amount of phosphate fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of compound fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of seed kg / ha, the number of hours of human labor / ha, the number of hours of work automation /ha , the amount of water used m 3 / ha. Through the study of descriptive analysis and the farmer sample of the study shows that the production of wheat and barley amounted to about (3.022%, 2.095%, 2.335%) for each of the first class of barley and barley class II and class lll as a whole barley, respectively, The percentage of loss on farms of wheat crop (2.64%, 3.83%, 3.60%) for each of the first class of wheat, the second class and the thierd class of whole wheat, respectively. The study also addressed the most important problems facing the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, which lies in the problem (marketing, harvesting and threshing and the problem of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and the problem of irrigation and the problem of weeds and wind and birds). The study included a statistical analysis of functions, costs, and evident from the results of this analysis that the proportion (29%, 50%, 40%) of the barley crop farms for class l, class II and class lll as a whole barley able to achieve optimal productivity, suggesting that these farms working in the production phase II, while the percentage (70%, 50%, 60%) of the crops of barley were unable to achieve optimal productivity, which indicates that these farms operating in the initial production phase. As for the wheat crop has reached the percentage of farms that have achieved optimal productivity and thus operating in the production phase ll for the first class about (45%, 38.10%, 41.46%) to The first class of wheat, and the second class of wheat, the second class, and the thierd class of the whole wheat, respectively, while the percentage of farms that did not able to achieve optimal productivity and work in the first stage of production (55%, 61.9%, 58.54%) of the first class of wheat, the second class of wheat, and the thierd class of whole wheat, respectively. The study included a breakdown of the costs of production per hectare for wheat and barley, which is divided into variable costs and fixed costs. In a sample of the private sector farms average total cost of the total hectares cultivated of barley and wheat around (942.34 dinars ,1066.52 dinars) during the season 2007 / 2008. While the overall average total cost per hectare cultivated barley and wheat in the sample of production projects overall productivity (Brjoj, Aldboat, Airaon) towards (1792.89 JD, JD 2019.17) on the relay during the season 2007 / 2008. While the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley farms in the sample of the private sector before taking the value of the water in the account about (496.99, 546.66) dinars per hectare respectively, as the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley in a sample of production projects overall productivity Before taking the value of the water in mind about (1135.8, 1245.75) dinars for wheat and barley crops, respectively. Efficiency of resource use groundwater for used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample of agricultural production projects, and the overall productivity of a sample of the private sector farms where they put the price per cubic meter of water, where the study used measures of efficiency of expression on the economic evaluation of the element of water and which ones: the measure of net return of the unity of water per hectare as it hit the highest net return for wheat and barley crops in the sample of the private sector farms profitable amounted to about (0.42 JD / m 3 0.61 JD / m 3), respectively, while lower net return per unit of water. Was in a sample of agricultural production projects by (0.05 JD / m 3, 0.21 JD / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of productivity per cubic meter of water, where it became clear that the highest productivity per cubic meter of water in the sample private sectore farms (1.01 kg / m 3, 1.21 kg / m 3) of the barley and wheat, respectively. And less productive per cubic meter of water in the sample of agricultural production projects by (0.55 kg / m 3, 0.44 kg / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of the efficiency of the element of water has reached in the sample of private sector farms (1.27 JD 1.61 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively, while the agricultural production projects in the sample to around (0.78 JD, 1.12 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively The study found a set of recommendations including: follow the water policy based on the principle of exploitation of aquifers security both in terms of economic or technical, through setting a price for water used in agriculture. In addition to focusing on vertical agricultural expansion wheat and barley crops to increase productivity instead of horizontal expansion through soil conservation and the adoption of appropriate agricultural courses and the rationalization of irrigation and proper use of fertilizers, pesticides and improved seeds. The study recommends that attention to measuring the productivity of the element of water used to grow wheat and barley, compared with a productivity of water used to grow other crops, the study area to determine the priorities imposed by the efficiency of water use as well as the economic output of these crops, the study also recommends encouraging cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample private farms because of their relative importance in the higher productivity of the element of water and higher net returns per unit of water, lower costs of production per hectare and low consumption of water per hectare compared with the overall productivity of the sample production projects that did not achieve productive efficiency and economic requirements. Abstract The problem of the study in the agricultural expansion of large tracts of cultivated varieties of wheat and barley, Which led to increased demand for consumption of underground water used in agriculture, as a non-renewable resources and exhaustible and the emergence of significant effects on the lowering of the groundwater, as a result of twitter for a large water used to grow wheat and barley, especially in public projects, due to a number of factors affecting the non-rational use of water, and most importantly: Do not put a value or the cost of water production costs and in the mind of the free economic resources, as well as the low style and production methods, in addition to non-optimal use of these resources in economic terms. Which needs to evaluate the use of agricultural resources used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, particularly the water supply. As well as the comparison between a sample of the overall productivity of agricultural projects and a sample of the private sector farms in terms of efficiency in the use of the element of water. The study used preliminary data that were collected through the questionnaire for the study during the season (from 2007 to 2008). In addition to secondary data issued by the official authorities in Libya. They have been chosen as the Sabha of the most important areas where cultivation of wheat and barley. Farms were divided the sample into six categories the first category includes barley 1 - 39 hectares, barley class II 40 - 100, ha barley whole class 1 - 100 hectares. First class wheat 1 - 39 hectares, the second category of wheat 40 - 100 hectares, the second category of wheat 1 - 100 hectares By estimating the production functions for wheat and barley to study the most important inputs affecting the productivity of barley and wheat, and to identify the efficient use of resources used. A sample of the study. Found that the most important inputs that have affected the productivity per hectare is the amount of phosphate fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of compound fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of seed kg / ha, the number of hours of human labor / ha, the number of hours of work automation /ha , the amount of water used m 3 / ha. Through the study of descriptive analysis and the farmer sample of the study shows that the production of wheat and barley amounted to about (3.022%, 2.095%, 2.335%) for each of the first class of barley and barley class II and class lll as a whole barley, respectively, The percentage of loss on farms of wheat crop (2.64%, 3.83%, 3.60%) for each of the first class of wheat, the second class and the thierd class of whole wheat, respectively. The study also addressed the most important problems facing the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, which lies in the problem (marketing, harvesting and threshing and the problem of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and the problem of irrigation and the problem of weeds and wind and birds). The study included a statistical analysis of functions, costs, and evident from the results of this analysis that the proportion (29%, 50%, 40%) of the barley crop farms for class l, class II and class lll as a whole barley able to achieve optimal productivity, suggesting that these farms working in the production phase II, while the percentage (70%, 50%, 60%) of the crops of barley were unable to achieve optimal productivity, which indicates that these farms operating in the initial production phase. As for the wheat crop has reached the percentage of farms that have achieved optimal productivity and thus operating in the production phase ll for the first class about (45%, 38.10%, 41.46%) to The first class of wheat, and the second class of wheat, the second class, and the thierd class of the whole wheat, respectively, while the percentage of farms that did not able to achieve optimal productivity and work in the first stage of production (55%, 61.9%, 58.54%) of the first class of wheat, the second class of wheat, and the thierd class of whole wheat, respectively. The study included a breakdown of the costs of production per hectare for wheat and barley, which is divided into variable costs and fixed costs. In a sample of the private sector farms average total cost of the total hectares cultivated of barley and wheat around (942.34 dinars ,1066.52 dinars) during the season 2007 / 2008. While the overall average total cost per hectare cultivated barley and wheat in the sample of production projects overall productivity (Brjoj, Aldboat, Airaon) towards (1792.89 JD, JD 2019.17) on the relay during the season 2007 / 2008. While the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley farms in the sample of the private sector before taking the value of the water in the account about (496.99, 546.66) dinars per hectare respectively, as the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley in a sample of production projects overall productivity Before taking the value of the water in mind about (1135.8, 1245.75) dinars for wheat and barley crops, respectively. Efficiency of resource use groundwater for used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample of agricultural production projects, and the overall productivity of a sample of the private sector farms where they put the price per cubic meter of water, where the study used measures of efficiency of expression on the economic evaluation of the element of water and which ones: the measure of net return of the unity of water per hectare as it hit the highest net return for wheat and barley crops in the sample of the private sector farms profitable amounted to about (0.42 JD / m 3 0.61 JD / m 3), respectively, while lower net return per unit of water. Was in a sample of agricultural production projects by (0.05 JD / m 3, 0.21 JD / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of productivity per cubic meter of water, where it became clear that the highest productivity per cubic meter of water in the sample private sectore farms (1.01 kg / m 3, 1.21 kg / m 3) of the barley and wheat, respectively. And less productive per cubic meter of water in the sample of agricultural production projects by (0.55 kg / m 3, 0.44 kg / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of the efficiency of the element of water has reached in the sample of private sector farms (1.27 JD 1.61 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively, while the agricultural production projects in the sample to around (0.78 JD, 1.12 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively The study found a set of recommendations including: follow the water policy based on the principle of exploitation of aquifers security both in terms of economic or technical, through setting a price for water used in agriculture. In addition to focusing on vertical agricultural expansion wheat and barley crops to increase productivity instead of horizontal expansion through soil conservation and the adoption of appropriate agricultural courses and the rationalization of irrigation and proper use of fertilizers, pesticides and improved seeds. The study recommends that attention to measuring the productivity of the element of water used to grow wheat and barley, compared with a productivity of water used to grow other crops, the study area to determine the priorities imposed by the efficiency of water use as well as the economic output of these crops, the study also recommends encouraging cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample private farms because of their relative importance in the higher productivity of the element of water and higher net returns per unit of water, lower costs of production per hectare and low consumption of water per hectare compared with the overall productivity of the sample production projects that did not achieve productive efficiency and economic requirements. Abstract The problem of the study in the agricultural expansion of large tracts of cultivated varieties of wheat and barley, Which led to increased demand for consumption of underground water used in agriculture, as a non-renewable resources and exhaustible and the emergence of significant effects on the lowering of the groundwater, as a result of twitter for a large water used to grow wheat and barley, especially in public projects, due to a number of factors affecting the non-rational use of water, and most importantly: Do not put a value or the cost of water production costs and in the mind of the free economic resources, as well as the low style and production methods, in addition to non-optimal use of these resources in economic terms. Which needs to evaluate the use of agricultural resources used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, particularly the water supply. As well as the comparison between a sample of the overall productivity of agricultural projects and a sample of the private sector farms in terms of efficiency in the use of the element of water. The study used preliminary data that were collected through the questionnaire for the study during the season (from 2007 to 2008). In addition to secondary data issued by the official authorities in Libya. They have been chosen as the Sabha of the most important areas where cultivation of wheat and barley. Farms were divided the sample into six categories the first category includes barley 1 - 39 hectares, barley class II 40 - 100, ha barley whole class 1 - 100 hectares. First class wheat 1 - 39 hectares, the second category of wheat 40 - 100 hectares, the second category of wheat 1 - 100 hectares By estimating the production functions for wheat and barley to study the most important inputs affecting the productivity of barley and wheat, and to identify the efficient use of resources used. A sample of the study. Found that the most important inputs that have affected the productivity per hectare is the amount of phosphate fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of compound fertilizer kg / ha, the amount of seed kg / ha, the number of hours of human labor / ha, the number of hours of work automation /ha , the amount of water used m 3 / ha. Through the study of descriptive analysis and the farmer sample of the study shows that the production of wheat and barley amounted to about (3.022%, 2.095%, 2.335%) for each of the first class of barley and barley class II and class lll as a whole barley, respectively, The percentage of loss on farms of wheat crop (2.64%, 3.83%, 3.60%) for each of the first class of wheat, the second class and the thierd class of whole wheat, respectively. The study also addressed the most important problems facing the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, which lies in the problem (marketing, harvesting and threshing and the problem of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and the problem of irrigation and the problem of weeds and wind and birds). The study included a statistical analysis of functions, costs, and evident from the results of this analysis that the proportion (29%, 50%, 40%) of the barley crop farms for class l, class II and class lll as a whole barley able to achieve optimal productivity, suggesting that these farms working in the production phase II, while the percentage (70%, 50%, 60%) of the crops of barley were unable to achieve optimal productivity, which indicates that these farms operating in the initial production phase. As for the wheat crop has reached the percentage of farms that have achieved optimal productivity and thus operating in the production phase ll for the first class about (45%, 38.10%, 41.46%) to The first class of wheat, and the second class of wheat, the second class, and the thierd class of the whole wheat, respectively, while the percentage of farms that did not able to achieve optimal productivity and work in the first stage of production (55%, 61.9%, 58.54%) of the first class of wheat, the second class of wheat, and the thierd class of whole wheat, respectively. The study included a breakdown of the costs of production per hectare for wheat and barley, which is divided into variable costs and fixed costs. In a sample of the private sector farms average total cost of the total hectares cultivated of barley and wheat around (942.34 dinars ,1066.52 dinars) during the season 2007 / 2008. While the overall average total cost per hectare cultivated barley and wheat in the sample of production projects overall productivity (Brjoj, Aldboat, Airaon) towards (1792.89 JD, JD 2019.17) on the relay during the season 2007 / 2008. While the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley farms in the sample of the private sector before taking the value of the water in the account about (496.99, 546.66) dinars per hectare respectively, as the cost of production per hectare on average, wheat and barley in a sample of production projects overall productivity Before taking the value of the water in mind about (1135.8, 1245.75) dinars for wheat and barley crops, respectively. Efficiency of resource use groundwater for used in the cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample of agricultural production projects, and the overall productivity of a sample of the private sector farms where they put the price per cubic meter of water, where the study used measures of efficiency of expression on the economic evaluation of the element of water and which ones: the measure of net return of the unity of water per hectare as it hit the highest net return for wheat and barley crops in the sample of the private sector farms profitable amounted to about (0.42 JD / m 3 0.61 JD / m 3), respectively, while lower net return per unit of water. Was in a sample of agricultural production projects by (0.05 JD / m 3, 0.21 JD / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of productivity per cubic meter of water, where it became clear that the highest productivity per cubic meter of water in the sample private sectore farms (1.01 kg / m 3, 1.21 kg / m 3) of the barley and wheat, respectively. And less productive per cubic meter of water in the sample of agricultural production projects by (0.55 kg / m 3, 0.44 kg / m 3) for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The measure of the efficiency of the element of water has reached in the sample of private sector farms (1.27 JD 1.61 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively, while the agricultural production projects in the sample to around (0.78 JD, 1.12 JD) for wheat and barley crops, respectively The study found a set of recommendations including: follow the water policy based on the principle of exploitation of aquifers security both in terms of economic or technical, through setting a price for water used in agriculture. In addition to focusing on vertical agricultural expansion wheat and barley crops to increase productivity instead of horizontal expansion through soil conservation and the adoption of appropriate agricultural courses and the rationalization of irrigation and proper use of fertilizers, pesticides and improved seeds. The study recommends that attention to measuring the productivity of the element of water used to grow wheat and barley, compared with a productivity of water used to grow other crops, the study area to determine the priorities imposed by the efficiency of water use as well as the economic output of these crops, the study also recommends encouraging cultivation of wheat and barley crops in the sample private farms because of their relative importance in the higher productivity of the element of water and higher net returns per unit of water, lower costs of production per hectare and low consumption of water per hectare compared with the overall productivity of the sample production projects that did not achieve productive efficiency and economic requirements. المستخلص تتمثل مشكلة الدراسة في التوسع الزراعي الكبير للمساحات المزروعة من محصولي القمح والشعير. الذي أدى إلى ازدياد الطلب على استهلاك المياه الجوفية المستخدمة في الزراعة، بوصفها من الموارد الغير متجددة والقابلة للنضوب وظهور آثار ملحوظة على انخفاض منسوب المياه الجوفية، نتيجة للهذر الكبير لعنصر المياه المستخدمة في زراعة القمح والشعير وخاصة في المشاريع العامة وذلك بسبب عدد من العوامل المؤثرة في الاستخدام الغير رشيد للمياه والتي من أهمها: عدم وضع قيمة أو تكلفة للمياه ضمن تكاليف الإنتاج واعتبارها من الموارد الاقتصادية المجانية، وكذلك تدني أسلوب وطرق الإنتاج ، بالإضافة لعدم التوظيف الأمثل لهذه الموارد من الناحية الاقتصادية. الأمر الذي يحتاج إلى تقييم استخدام الموارد الزراعية المستخدمة في زراعة محصولي القمح والشعير وفي مقدمتها مورد المياه. وكذلك المقارنة بين عينة من المشروعات الزراعية الإنتاجية العامة وعينة مزارع القطاع الخاص من حيث كفاءتها في استخدام عنصر المياه .ولقد اعتمدت الدراسة على البيانات الأولية التي تم جمعها عن طريق إستمارة الاستبيان الخاصة بالدراسة خلال الموسم (2007 – 2008 )، إضافة إلي البيانات الثانوية التي تصدرها الجهات الرسمية في ليبيا . حيث تم اختيار منطقة سبها باعتبارها من أهم المناطق التي تنتشر فيها زراعة حبوب القمح والشعير. وتم تقسيم مزارع عينة الدراسة إلى ست فئات تتضمن فئة الشعير الأولى 1 – 39 هكتار، فئة الشعير الثانية 40 – 100، هكتار فئة الشعير ككل 1- 100 هكتار. فئة القمح الأولى 1 – 39 هكتار، فئة القمح الثانية 40 – 100 هكتار، فئة القمح الثانية 1- 100 هكتار، و من خلال تقدير دوال الإنتاجية لمحصولي القمح والشعير لدراسة أهم المدخلات الإنتاجية المؤثرة علي إنتاجية الشعير والتعرف على كفاءة أستخدم الموارد المستخدمة بعينة الدراسة. اتضح إن أهم المدخلات التي أثرت على إنتاجية الهكتار هي كمية السماد الفوسفاتي كجم/هكتار ، كمية السماد النيتروجيني كجم/هكتار ، كمية السماد المركب كجم/ هكتار ، كمية البذور كجم/ هكتار ، عدد ساعات العمل البشري/للهكتار ، عدد ساعات العمل الآلي/للهكتار، كمية المياه المستخدمة م3/للهكتار، و بدراسة التحليل والوصفي لمزارع عينة الدراسة تبين أن نسبة الفاقد من محصولي القمح والشعير في مزارع محصول الشعير بلغت نحو (3.022 % ، 2.095 % ، 2.335 %) لكل من فئة الشعير الأولى وفئة الشعير الثانية وفئة الشعير ككل على التوالي ، كما بلغت نسبة الفاقد في مزارع محصول القمح نحو (2.64 % ، 3.83 % ، 3.60 %) لكل من فئة القمح الأولى ، وفئة القمح الثانية ، وفئة القمح ككل على الترتيب كما تناولت الدراسة أهم المشاكل التي تواجه زراعة محصولي القمح والشعير التي تكمن في مشكلة( التسويق والحصاد و الدراس و مشكلة البذور والأسمدة والمبيدات ومشكلة الري ومشكلة الحشائش والرياح والطيور) كما تضمنت الدراسة التحليل الإحصائي لدوال التكاليف، و أتضح من نتائج هذا التحليل أن نسبة ( 29 % ، 50 %، 40 % ) من مزارع محصول الشعير بفئة الشعير الأولى ، وفئة الشعير الثانية ، وفئة الشعير ككل تمكنت من تحقيق الإنتاجية المثلى مما يشير بأن هذه المزارع تعمل في المرحلة الإنتاجية الثانية ، بينما بلغت نسبة ( 70 % ، 50 % ، 60 % ) من مزارع الشعير لم تتمكن من تحقيق الإنتاجية المثلى ، مما تشير بأن هذه المزارع تعمل في المرحلة الإنتاجية الأولى. أما بالنسبة لمحصول القمح فقد بلغت نسبة المزارع التي حققت الإنتاجية المثلي وبالتالي فهي تعمل في المرحلة الإنتاجية الثانية نحو ( 45 % ، 38.10 % ، 41.46 %) لفئة القمح الأولى ، وفئة القمح الثانية ، وفئة القمح ككل على التوالي ، بينما بلغت نسبة المزارع التي لم تتمكن من تحقيق الإنتاجية المثلى وتعمل في المرحلة الأولى نحو ( 55 % ، 61.9 % ، 58.54 % ) لفئة القمح الأولى ، وفئة القمح الثانية ، وفئة القمح ككل على الترتيب، و تضمنت الدراسة أيضاً تحليل بنود تكاليف أنتاج الهكتار لمحصول القمح والشعير، حيث تنقسم إلى تكاليف متغيرة وتكاليف ثابتة . ففي عينة مزارع القطاع الخاص بلغ متوسط إجمالي التكاليف الكلية للهكتار المزروع بالشعير والقمح حوالي (942.34 دينار ، 1066.52 دينار) على الترتب خلال الموسم 2007/ 2008 . بينما بلغ متوسط إجمالي التكاليف الكلية للهكتار المزروع بالشعير والقمح في عينة المشاريع الإنتاجية العامة (برجوج، الدبوات ،ايراون ) نحو (1792.89 دينار ، 2019.17 دينار ) على التتابع خلال الموسم 2007/ 2008 . في حين كانت تكلفة إنتاج الهكتار في المتوسط من محصولي القمح والشعير في عينة مزارع القطاع الخاص قبل أخذ قيمة عنصر المياه في الاعتبار نحو (496.99 ، 546.66 ) دينار للهكتار على التوالي ،كما كانت تكلفة إنتاج الهكتار في المتوسط من القمح والشعير في عينة المشاريع الإنتاجية العامة قبل أخذ قيمة عنصر المياه في الاعتبار حوالي ( 1135.8 ، 1245.75 ) دينار لمحصولي القمح والشعير على التوالي، كما تم قياس كفاءة أستخدم مورد المياه الجوفية المستخدمة في زراعة محصولي القمح والشعير في عينة المشروعات الزراعية الإنتاجية العامة وعينة مزارع القطاع الخاص حيث تم وضع سعر للمتر المكعب من المياه، حيث استخدمت الدراسة مقاييس الكفاءة للتعبير عن التقييم الإقتصادى لعنصر المياه والتي منها : مقياس صافى العائد على وحدة المياه للهكتار حيث بلغ أعلى صافي عائد لمحصولي الشعير و القمح في عينة مزارع القطاع الخاص بربحية بلغت نحو (0.42 دينار/م3 0.61 دينار/م3 ) على التوالي، بينما اقل صافي عائد لوحدة المياه. كان في عينة المشروعات الزراعية العامة وذلك بنحو (0.05 دينار/م3 ، 0.21 دينار/م3 ) لمحصولي الشعير والقمح على التوالي .أما مقياس إنتاجية المتر المكعب من المياه حيث أتضح أن أعلى إنتاجية للمتر المكعب من المياه كانت في عينة مزارع القطاع الخاص بنحو (1.01 كجم/م3 ، 1.21 كجم/م3) لمحصولي الشعير والقمح على التوالي . وأقل إنتاجية للمتر المكعب من المياه كانت في عينة المشروعات الزراعية العامة بنحو (0.55 كجم/م3 ،0.44 كجم/م3 ) لمحصولي الشعير والقمح على التوالي .كما أن مقياس كفاءة عنصر المياه قد بلغ في عينة مزارع القطاع الخاص نحو(1.27 دينار 1.61 دينار) لمحصولي القمح والشعير على التوالي، بينما بلغت في عينة المشروعات الزراعية العامة نحو (0.78 دينار ، 1.12 دينار ) لمحصولي القمح والشعير على التوالي ولقد توصلت الدراسة إلي مجموعة من التوصيات من أهمها: إتباع سياسة مائية مبنية على مبدأ ألاستغلال الأمن للخزانات الجوفية سواء من الناحية الاقتصادية أو الفنية من خلال وضع سعر للمياه المستخدمة في الزراعة . إضافة إلى التركيز على التوسع الزراعي الرأسي لمحصولي القمح والشعير لزيادة الإنتاجية الهكتارية بدل من التوسع الأفقي وذلك من خلال صيانة التربة وإتباع الدورات الزراعية المناسبة و ترشيد الري والاستخدام السليم للأسمدة والمبيدات والبذور المحسنة. كما توصي الدراسة الاهتمام بقياس إنتاجية عنصر المياه المستخدمة في زراعة محصولي القمح والشعير ومقارنتها مع إنتاجية عنصر المياه المستخدمة في زراعة المحاصيل الأخرى بمنطقة الدراسة لتحديد الأولويات التي تفرضها الكفاءة المحصولية لاستعمال المياه وكذلك المردود الاقتصادي لهذه المحاصيل،أيضاً توصي الدراسة بضرورة بتشجيع زراعة محصولي القمح والشعير في مزارع القطاع الخاص لما لها من أهمية نسبية في ارتفاع إنتاجية عنصر المياه وارتفاع صافي العائد لوحدة المياه وانخفاض تكاليف إنتاج الهكتار وانخفاض كمية استهلاك المياه للهكتار بالمقارنة مع المشاريع الإنتاجية العامة التي تبين أنها لم تحقق الكفاءة الإنتاجية والاقتصادية المطلوبة .Thesis