Impact Of Seeding Rate And Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels On Yielding Ablility Of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L) Acsad(176) Under The Conditions Of Marawa And El-Baida- Al Jabal Al Akhdar

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out at two sites, namely Marawa region and El - Baida region at the experimental farm of the faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar university, El-Baida / Al-Jabel Al-Akhdar, during the growing season 2017-2018, to study the response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) var ACSAD to different seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer levels. Seeding rate was (40, 60, 80 kg ha¹) while, nitrogen levels were (0, 50, 70, 100 kg N.ha¹). The two experiments were conducted as a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replications was used, main plots were arranged for seeding rate treatment and the sub plot for nitrogen fertilizer levels. Planting date was 15 November, 2017 during growing seasons on both sites. This work was aimed to investigate the impact of both different rate of seeding and nitrogen levels on the growth, yield and yield components of barley variety. The main results obtained from both sites of the experiments can be summarized as follows: A: Effect of seeding rate Results showed, the different levels of seeding rate had significant effect on most agronomic characters including plant height, number of grains/ spike, while at El- Baida site, results showed no significant effect on the previous characters due to the impact of different seeding rate. B: Effect of nitrogen fertilizer The effect of the addition of nitrogen fertilizer at different levels had a significant effect on all growth characters, except the number of tillers bearing no spikes harvest index and grain yield at Marawa site, however, nitrogen levels had significant effect on the agronomic characters, except number of tillers bearing no spike, spike length, Weight spike, weight grains/spike, grain yield, straw yield, 1000grains weight(h) and harvest index at El-Baida site. Different seeding rate had no significant impact on protein content (%) in the grain on both sites, however, nitrogen fertilizer levels had high significant effects on protein content on both sites. English Summary Two field experiments were carried out at two sites, namely, the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture - Omar Al Mukhtar University, EL-Baida, and Marawa sites-Al Jabel Al-Akhdar- libya, during 2017 growing season, to study the response of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) var. ACCSAD '176' to different seeding rate (40,60, 80 kg/ha), and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (Urea 46%N), (0,50,70,100 kgNha¹). The two experiments were conducted as a factorial experiment on a randomized complete block design with three replications was used, main plots were arranged for seeding rate treatment and the sub-plot for nitrogen fertilizer levels. Planting date was 15 November, 2017 during the growing seasons on both sites, seeds were drilled in rows (25cm apart). The size of the experimental unit was 2X2m (4m²). Main results obtained from the experiments at the both sites can be summarized as follows: 1-Plant height (cm): Results showed, the different seeding rate had high significant effect on plant height character at Marawa site. The rate of 60 kgha¹ gave the highest plant height compared with (40 and 80 kgha¹),in contrast the impact of the different seeding rate had no significant effect on this agronomic character at EL-Baida site. Different nitrogen fertilizer levels had high significant and significant effect on the plant height on both sites (Marawa and EL-Baida sites) ,respectively. Increment of nitrogen fertilizer levels increased plant height during the growing season at experiment sites. 2- Number of total tillers/ m²: Different seeding rate had no significant effect on the number of total tillers/m² on both sites. However, nitrogen levels showed a high significant and only significant on this agronomic character at Marawa and EL-Baida sites, respectively, as compared with the control treatment. 3- Number of tillers with no spikes / m²: Effect of different seeding rate, nitrogen fertilizer levels, and the interaction between these two treatments had no significant impact on this character on both sites. 4- Number of spikes / plant: Results showed no significant effect of the different seeding rate on the number of spikes/plant on both experiment sites. Nitrogen levels had a high significant effect on the number of spikes/plant at Marawa site, however, differences did not reach the level of significant at EL-Baida site. 5- Length of spikes (cm): Results indicated that the length of spike had no significant response due to the impact of different seeding rate on both sites. Different nitrogen fertilizer levels had a significant effect on this agronomic character at Marawa site as compared with EL-Baida site which showed no significant effect on the length of spike due to the addition of the nitrogen fertilizer. The interaction between the two treatments (seeding rate X nitrogen fertilizer) had no significant effect on this agronomic character. 6- Number of grain/spike: 52Different seeding rate had a high significant effect on the number of grains/spike at Marawa site, seeding rate with 60kgha¹ showed the highest number of grain/spike as compared with the other rates .In contrast no significant response of the different seeding rate on this agronomic character at AL-Baida site. Nitrogen fertilizer level had a high significant and significant impact on the number of grains/spike at the two experiment sites (Marawa and AL- Baida) respectively. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer increased the no. of grains/spike significantly. 7- Dry weight of spike (gm): Effect of different seeding rate had no significant effect on the dry weight of spike at the two sites. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer had a highest significant effect -1 on this character at Marawa site, the addition of 70kgNha gave the highest value compared with other nitrogen levels. However, the impact of the addition of fertilizer levels and the interaction between the two treatments showed no significant effect on this agronomic character. Seeding rate showed no significant effect on the weight of grains /spike at the two sites. Nitrogen fertilizer levels had a high significant effect on the weight of grains per spike at Marawa site 52 only. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer at 70kgha¹ showed highest values compared with the other levels. 9- Biological yield (ton/ha¹):8- Dry weight of grains/spike (gm): Results showed no significant differences for the effect of different seeding rate on the biological at both experiments sites. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer had a high significant and a significant effect on the biological control at Marawa and EL-Baida sites, respectively. All nitrogen levels showed high impact on the biological yield compared with control treatment. Interaction had no significant effect on this character. indicated that each seeding rate and fertilizer levels act independently. 10- Grain yield (ton/ha¹): Different seeding rate nitrogen fertilizer level, and the interaction between the two factors (seeding rate X Nitrogen fertilizer) had no significant effect on the grain yield at the two sites 11- Straw yield (ton/ha¹): Different seeding rate showed significant effect on straw yield at Marawa site as compared with AL-Baida site which showed no significant differences on this agronomic character. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer level had high significant increment on straw yield at Marawa site, application of 70 kgNha¹ gave the highest values as compared with other levels. Results showed that the interaction between the two 7 experiment factors had no significant effect on the straw yield, due to the acting of each factor independently on this character. 12- Weight of 1000-grain (gm): Seeding rate had no significant impact on the weight of 1000-grain at the two sites. Nitrogen levels showed high significant on this agronomic character at Marawa site. Addition of 70 kgNha-1 gave the highest values compared with the other nitrogen levels .However, application of nitrogen fertilizer at EL-Baida site and the interaction between the two factors had no significant effect on the 1000-grain weight. 13- Harvest index (%): Differences of seeding rate, different nitrogen fertilizer levels, and the interaction between the two treatment factors had no significant effect on the harvest index during the growing season at both sites. 14- Protein content of grain (%): Results showed that, different seeding rate had no significant effect on protein percentage (content) of grains at both sites. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer had a high significant impact on this quality character at the two experiment sites. Protein content increased with increased nitrogen levels as compared with the control treatment. Interaction between the two factors was highly significant at EL-Baida site