تأثير سلالات المايكورايزا على نمو نبات الذرة النامي تحت مستويات السماد الفوسفاتي في تربة متأثرة بالأملاح في منطقة سرت – ليبيا

Abstract

A planting experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, to compare seven strains of mycorrhizal fungi, and a three levels of fertilization ( super phosphate) (0, 50 and 100 kg P2O5/ha) on growth and absorption of some nutrients of maize plant growing in salt- affected soil from the Sirte region , and the results were as follows: Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi strains used in this study increased (p< 0.05) the rate of mycorrhizal infection in the roots of maize plant and the wet and dry weights of both leaves and roots increased significantly except for one strain, which is Funneliformis mosseae, which increased the dry weight of leaves, but this increase was not significant. The inoculation of most of the strains significantly increased the surface area of the leaves, and the uptake of phosphorous, nitrogen, potassium and iron, compared to the control (without inoculation), even though some increases were not significant. There was no a significant increase in the amount of zinc absorbed when inoculating with the strains compared to the control. It is noted that the strain (Archaeospora trappei) has increased all vegetative characteristics studied in this study, which are (wet and dry weights of leaves and roots, number of leaves, stem height and surface area of leaves), and the absorbed amount of nutrients studied in this study except Zinc, which are (phosphorous, nitrogen, potassium, iron) and the increase was significant compared to the control (without inoculation). It is noted that inoculation with (Funneliformis mosseae) and (Claroideoglomus etunicatum) significantly increased vegetative characteristics and nutrients uptake, except for some of them, where inoculation with funneliformis mosseae did not give a significant difference compared to the control in leaf dry weight and number of leaves ,phosphorous and potassium uptake. As for inoculation with Claroideoglomus etunicatum, did not give a significant difference compared to the control in stem height and nitrogen uptake. Inoculation with (Gigaspora sp) and (Scutellospora sp,) significantly increased the vegetative characteristics and the nutrients absorbed, except for some of them, as the inoculation with (Gigaspora sp) did not give a significant difference compared to the control in stem height, number of leaves and the amount of potassium absorbed. And inoculation with (Scutellospora sp) did not give a significant difference compared to the control in the uptake of nitrogen, potassium and iron. It is noted that the two strains Rhizophagus intraradices and Entrophos Porainfeqeas had a significant increase in the vegetative characteristics and nutrients absorbed, except for some of them, as inoculation with the strain Rhizophagus intraradices did not give a significant difference compared to the control in stem height and the uptake amount of nitrogen, potassium and iron, as well as Inoculation with Entrophos Porainfeqeas strain did not give a significant difference compared to the control in stem height, number of leaves, and the uptake amount of nitrogen and iron. The addition of phosphate fertilization at its two levels(50 and 100 kg P2O5 / ha) led to a significant decrease the percentage of mycorrhizal infection in the roots of maize plant, and the phosphate fertilization at a level of 50 kg P2O5 / ha , had the most effect in decreasing this percentage and the rest of the vegetative characteristics and the amount of absorbed nutrients, except for the absorbed amount of phosphorous, and the addition of phosphate fertilization at a level of 100 kg P2O5/ha, had a significant effect compared to the control except for the wet weight of leaves and the dry weight of the roots, but on the contrary, it caused, besides reducing the percentage of mycorrhizal infection, it also decreased the wet weight of the roots and the uptake amount of potassium. As for the interaction between inoculation with mycorrhizal strains and phosphate fertilization are as follows:- In the percentage of infection, we have find that inoculation with all strains without adding fertilization was better than adding phosphate fertilization, as for stem height, The inoculation with the strain Archaeospora trappei without phosphate fertilization was the best, and in number of leaves the inoculation with the strain Rhizophagus intraradices without fertilization was the best treatment. The inoculation with the strain (Gigaspora sp) with addition of fertilization at a level of 50 kg P2O5 / ha. was the best treatment. The wet weight of leaves , inoculation with strain (Rhizophagus intraradices) with the addition of fertilization at a level of 100 kg P2O5/ha, was the best treatment, and it did not differ significantly with the strain (Rhizophagus intraradices) without adding phosphate fertilization, as well as it did not differ significantly with the addition of fertilization at a level of 50 kg P2O5/ha, with the same strain, and also did not differ significantly with the inoculation treatment of strain (Scutellospora sp) without phosphate fertilization As for the dry weight of leaves, Claroideoglomus etunicatum strain without phosphate fertilization was the best treatment, and it did not differ significantly with the strain Funneliformis mosseae without phosphate fertilization. Regarding the dry weight of the roots, inoculation with (Funneliformis mosseae) strain with the addition of phosphate fertilization at a level of 50 kg P2O5/ha / ha was the best, and it did not differ significantly with the inoculation with (Funneliformis mosseae) strain without fertilization, as well as inoculation with strain (Claroideoglomus etunicatum at a level of 100) with addition of 100 kg P2O5/ha, and it also did not differ significantly with the addition of fertilization at the level of 100 kg P2O5/ha without inoculation with any of the strains.

Regarding the amount of phosphorous absorbed, we find three treatments that were the best and there was no significant difference between them, which are inoculation with (Rhizophagus intraradices) strain with the addition of fertilization at a level of 50 kg P2O5/ha, inoculation with (Entrophos porainfeqeas) strain with the addition of 100 kg P2O5/ha, and inoculation with a strain ( Scutellospora sp) without fertilizing. As for nitrogen, inoculation with all strains was the best, except for Archaeospora trappei, there was no significant difference with the two levels of phosphate fertilization 50 and 100 kg P2O5/ha. As for potassium, inoculation with strain Scutellospora sp. without fertilization and inoculation with strain Entrophos porainfeqeas without fertilization was the best treatment, and it did not differ Significantly compared to the treatment of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae without fertilization. As for iron, we find inoculation with Gigaspora sp without fertilization is the best treatment. We found that the treatments of inoculation with strains without phosphate fertilization in most of the vegetative characteristics and the absorbed amounts of nutrients, were the best treatments with some exceptions that did not give a significant difference with the control.