دراسة لتقييم الترب المتأثرة بالأملاح ومصادر المياه بمنطقة – سوكنه

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the extent of the effect of natural, environmental and human factors on soil salinity and variation in its distribution, and to assess the quality of irrigation water for some of the wells that feed the area (Al Hammam Agricultural Project - Sukneh), in addition to determining the type of soil prevalent in the area. To achieve the objectives of this study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted, where samples were collected from the surface layer 0-30 cm and the sub-surface layer 30-60 cm, and they were prepared and some of the following physical and chemical properties were estimated: pH, EC, CaCO3, O.M. CEC We note that most of the soils under study in the region have a sandy, sandy, silt or sandy texture. In general, it is also clear that the soils in the study area are characterized by a light color as a result of the presence of salts on the surface layer, especially in low areas, and some soils are also characterized by the presence of deaf layers at the depths 25-60 cm and sometimes at a depth of more than that, and the organic matter in soils (the agricultural bath project) in the Sukaneh area under study was low as it did not exceed 1.18%. The results of the chemical analysis showed a high electrical conductivity of the surface layer soils compared to the bottom layer, where the values generally ranged between 1.03 - 107.91 dS.m-1 ,While its value in the crust layer was higher, ranging between 5.86 - 160.25 dS.m-1, and the study showed that the region is prepared for the spread of the salinity phenomenon because it is located within the dry climate that is characterized by high temperatures and lack of rain, which causes the problem to aggravate. The ratio (CL+SO4/CO3+HCO3)) was <1 and this indicates that the soil is in the process of severely absorbing sodium, and the ratio of sulfates / chlorides is <1 for all soils except for samples 21 - 22 - 29, which indicates the predominance of chloride salts. This means that Soils have reached the last stage of salinization, where the results of statistical analysis confirmed these results., The results showed that the values of ESP were higher than 15% for most of the soils, where the values ranged between 1.33 - 30.74, and its value in the surface layer was higher than that of the bottom layer of soil. It was also found that 73.33% of the total samples of the soil under study were affected by salinity, as 63.33% of them were saline - soda, which included all uncultivated soils and about 55.55% of the cultivated soils. The values of the salinity index were <1, and it was found that its depth is less than the critical depth. Through the study, the role played by human factors is evident in the increasing phenomenon of salinization of agricultural soils in the project area through mismanagement of the water resource and leaving the land fallow after its exploitation, the lack of drains and the lack of efficiency of the existing ones . It was also shown through the results of chemical analyzes of the water samples of the wells under study, which were subject to the quality standards received from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). It was found that the quality of irrigation water was from good to medium for some wells, where the EC values of the wells under study ranged from 0.66, 4.23dS.m-1. It is considered within the permissible range of irrigation water quality standards with the exception of well 6, as the study showed the dominance of sodium ion for positive ions, followed by calcium and magnesium, the predominance of chlorine ion for negative ions, and a noticeable increase in the rate of sodium adsorption SAR, which reached a maximum value of 14.84, The results also showed that 80% of the total water samples for the wells under study fell under the classification of (C3-S1), which is considered high salinity - low sodium.